Thank you for viewing. This is a violin by FRANCASCO GUADANINI TORINO 1926. In my subjective opinion, it is an old and tasteful instrument made in 1926. The spruce of the top plate has very fine grain, and the maple of the back plate also has beautiful grain. Please consider this a labeled instrument, as there is no certificate. It may be made in Japan. It is old, and there are multiple scratches. Please feel free to ask for additional photos, etc. <(_ _)> Thank you. Price is for the body only. Strings are not included. Please replace the strings before use. Returns and claims are not accepted. Please consider carefully before purchasing.