The condition is described as generally poor due to being cut. Unless otherwise noted, there are no writings or missing pages. There may be some paper folds or tears that do not interfere with scanning. Also, while scanning and digitizing usually makes the text easier to read, older books may have aged paper with yellowing. On the other hand, newer books may have been cut from new copies. "Cut" means that the spine of the book has been cut to separate all the pages, resulting in a "bundle of paper" for the purpose of creating electronic files such as PDFs. Converting a book from its bound state to a "bundle of paper" is done to make it easier to scan with a document scanner specialized for continuous reading of large amounts of documents. Once scanned and converted to electronic files like PDFs, they can be read on tablets and computers. Searching for "book self-scanning" will provide further understanding. Covers and obi (paper bands) may not be cut if they fit within the scanner's reading width (216mm). Large-format books exceeding A4 size will have their covers cut to match the scanner's reading width. In any case, the paper is in a condition unsuitable for reading, so please refrain from purchasing if you do not intend to digitize it. "The Economics of Self-Preservation" Takuro Morinaga Price: ¥1500 #TakuroMorinaga #Takuro_Morinaga #book #society/economy_finance