These are trade beads made in Venice in the mid-19th century. They were intended for trade in Africa. This type, which is shaped like an abacus bead, is commonly called King Beads. Did African tribal chiefs wear these beads around their necks as a symbol of authority? These beads have a substantial feel when held, with a black base and little damage. There is a white ring on only one side. Overall, they are very calm and tasteful beads. Collection Number: F27-6 Discounts are available for bulk purchases. Get a 20% discount when you purchase 2 to 5 items simultaneously. Get a 30% discount when you purchase 6 or more items simultaneously. Please use the bulk purchase function. Any combination of items is eligible, regardless of price. It's a good deal to combine these with inexpensive items.