Taiwan's Identity: A Post-War History of Conflict with "China" (Bunshun Shinsho) Tensions surrounding the Taiwan Strait are suddenly rising, but the relationship between Taiwan and China cannot be understood through a simple framework of "friend or foe." The "distance" between Taiwan and China has fluctuated greatly throughout history. On the other hand, Taiwan is demonstrating its presence internationally, with the活躍 of Audrey Tang, the digital minister, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the legalization of same-sex marriage under President Tsai Ing-wen. How has this unique Taiwanese identity, the identity of "Taiwanese," been cultivated? And how is Taiwan trying to overcome the complex and intertwined conflicts both domestically and internationally? This book unravels the political issues surrounding Taiwan before democratization, including the one-party rule of the Kuomintang regime after World War II, the anti-government movements that unfolded under it, and the suppression by government authorities. It also examines changes in the international situation during the Cold War, approaching the complexity of Taiwanese society, which cannot be understood through a binary opposition of "anti-China/pro-China" or "anti-Japan/pro-Japan." Furthermore, it richly depicts the relationships with Japan, the United States, and China, which are indispensable to the formation of Taiwan, starting from the perspective of "people." A thrilling contemporary history of Taiwan that deepens understanding while unraveling numerous historical twists and turns. --- Table of Contents Chapter 1: Taiwan Respecting Diversity Chapter 2: Political Oppression Under One-Party Rule Chapter 3: The Contention of Human Rights Issues Chapter 4: Expanding Exchanges with Mainland China and Democratization Chapter 5: Friction over Identity