Both books have underlining. The pages show no signs of use. They include graphs, etc. Retail price: ¥9,700 each #Sada Ichikura #PresidentialStudies #ManagementStrategy - Fully Revised Edition, New #PresidentialAttitude #President #Leader #Management #Organization #CompanyManagement #Top #Leadership #Management #Manager #ManagementPhilosophy #ManagementTips #ManagementPrinciples #SmallAndMediumEnterprises Driven by the belief that the success or failure of a business depends on the president, he passionately mentored presidents. Disliking abstract theories, he thoroughly advocated for #PracticalFieldism and #CustomerFirst. While scolding presidents like elementary school students, and at times throwing chalk at them, he also worked tirelessly with presidents to rebuild companies on the verge of #Bankruptcy, enduring sleepless nights of hardship, raising funds, and devising strategies for rapid performance improvement, all with the conviction of increasing sales and profits. His personality endeared him to many business owners, who revered him as a lifelong mentor, calling him the "Guru of Presidents." He mentored 5,000 companies, both large and small. He passed away in 1999.