Thank you for viewing. [The following is a general description applicable to all items] These are used books, so there is aging, some wear and tear, and some soiling. Many were purchased used, and since I cannot check each book in detail, there is a slight possibility of writing or markings. In addition, there may be other oversights. Please purchase only if you are okay with being able to read the book, and with the understanding that it is a used item.